The challenges to control epilepsy in an isolated indigenous tribe in Brazil's Amazon: 15 years of follow-up / Os desafios do controle de epilepsia em indígenas de uma tribo isolada da Amazônia: 15 anos de seguimento

Abstract Background Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that affects people all over the world, but it is rarely described in indigenous peoples. Objective To study the epilepsy characteristics and risk factors for seizure control in people from an isolated indigenous population. Methods This is a retrospective and historical cohort study conducted from 2003 to 2018 (15 years), at a neurology outpatient clinic, of 25 Waiwai tribes' indigenous individuals with epilepsy, inhabitants of an isolated forest reserve in the Amazon. Clinical aspects, background, comorbidities, exams, treatment, and response were studied. Factors that impacted seizure control over 24 months were identified using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox and Weibull regression models. Results The majority of cases started in childhood, with no difference regarding gender. Focal epilepsies were predominant. Most patients had tonic-clonic seizures. A quarter of them had a family history, and 20% had referred febrile seizures. There was intellectual disability in 20% of patients. Neurological examination and psychomotor development were altered in one third of the participants. The treatment controlled 72% of the patients (monotherapy in 64%). Phenobarbital was the most prescribed anti-seizure medication, followed by carbamazepine and valproate. The most relevant factors that impacted seizure control over time were abnormal neurological exam and family history. Conclusion Family history and abnormal neurological exam were predicted risk factors for refractory epilepsy. Even in an isolated indigenous tribe, the partnership between the indigenous people and the multidisciplinary team ensured treatment adherence. The public healthcare system must guarantee modern anti-seizure medications, mainly for this vulnerable population, which has no other source of treatment.

Resumo Antecedentes A epilepsia é uma doença neurológica que afeta povos do mundo todo, mas raramente é descrita em povos indígenas. Objetivos Estudar as características da epilepsia e os fatores de risco para o controle das crises em pessoas de uma população indígena isolada. Métodos Este é um estudo de coorte retrospectivo e histórico, conduzido de 2003 a 2018 (15 anos) no ambulatório de neurologia, de 25 indígenas Waiwai com epilepsia, habitantes de uma reserva florestal na Amazônia. Aspectos clínicos, antecedentes, comorbidades, exames, tratamento e resposta foram estudados. Identificou-se os fatores que afetaram o controle das crises ao longo de 24 meses usando curvas de Kaplan-Meier e modelos de regressão de Cox e Weibull. Resultados A maioria dos casos teve início na infância, sem diferença quanto ao gênero. Predominavam as epilepsias focais. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava crises tônico-clônicas. Um quarto deles tinha história familiar e 20% referiram convulsões febris. Vinte por cento dos pacientes apresentava deficiência intelectual. Um terço tinha exame neurológico e desenvolvimento psicomotor alterados. O tratamento controlou 72% dos pacientes (monoterapia em 64%). Fenobarbital foi o medicamento mais prescrito, seguido por carbamazepina e valproate, e os fatores que mais impactaram o controle das crises ao longo do tempo foram exame neurológico anormal e história familiar. Conclusão História familiar e exame neurológico anormal foram fatores de risco preditores para epilepsia refratária. Mesmo em uma tribo indígena isolada, a parceria entre os indígenas e a equipe multidisciplinar garantiu a adesão ao tratamento. O sistema público de saúde deve garantir medicamentos modernos anticrise, principalmente para essa população vulnerável, que não tem outra fonte de tratamento.

The challenges to control epilepsy in an isolated indigenous tribe in Brazil's Amazon: 15 years of follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that affects people all over the world, but it is rarely described in indigenous peoples. OBJECTIVE: To study the epilepsy characteristics and risk factors for seizure control in people from an isolated indigenous population. METHODS: This is a retrospective and historical cohort study conducted from 2003 to 2018 (15 years), at a neurology outpatient clinic, of 25 Waiwai tribes' indigenous individuals with epilepsy, inhabitants of an isolated forest reserve in the Amazon. Clinical aspects, background, comorbidities, exams, treatment, and response were studied. Factors that impacted seizure control over 24 months were identified using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox and Weibull regression models. RESULTS: The majority of cases started in childhood, with no difference regarding gender. Focal epilepsies were predominant. Most patients had tonic-clonic seizures. A quarter of them had a family history, and 20% had referred febrile seizures. There was intellectual disability in 20% of patients. Neurological examination and psychomotor development were altered in one third of the participants. The treatment controlled 72% of the patients (monotherapy in 64%). Phenobarbital was the most prescribed anti-seizure medication, followed by carbamazepine and valproate. The most relevant factors that impacted seizure control over time were abnormal neurological exam and family history. CONCLUSION: Family history and abnormal neurological exam were predicted risk factors for refractory epilepsy. Even in an isolated indigenous tribe, the partnership between the indigenous people and the multidisciplinary team ensured treatment adherence. The public healthcare system must guarantee modern anti-seizure medications, mainly for this vulnerable population, which has no other source of treatment.

ANTECEDENTES: A epilepsia é uma doença neurológica que afeta povos do mundo todo, mas raramente é descrita em povos indígenas. OBJETIVOS: Estudar as características da epilepsia e os fatores de risco para o controle das crises em pessoas de uma população indígena isolada. MéTODOS: Este é um estudo de coorte retrospectivo e histórico, conduzido de 2003 a 2018 (15 anos) no ambulatório de neurologia, de 25 indígenas Waiwai com epilepsia, habitantes de uma reserva florestal na Amazônia. Aspectos clínicos, antecedentes, comorbidades, exames, tratamento e resposta foram estudados. Identificou-se os fatores que afetaram o controle das crises ao longo de 24 meses usando curvas de Kaplan-Meier e modelos de regressão de Cox e Weibull. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos casos teve início na infância, sem diferença quanto ao gênero. Predominavam as epilepsias focais. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava crises tônico-clônicas. Um quarto deles tinha história familiar e 20% referiram convulsões febris. Vinte por cento dos pacientes apresentava deficiência intelectual. Um terço tinha exame neurológico e desenvolvimento psicomotor alterados. O tratamento controlou 72% dos pacientes (monoterapia em 64%). Fenobarbital foi o medicamento mais prescrito, seguido por carbamazepina e valproate, e os fatores que mais impactaram o controle das crises ao longo do tempo foram exame neurológico anormal e história familiar. CONCLUSãO: História familiar e exame neurológico anormal foram fatores de risco preditores para epilepsia refratária. Mesmo em uma tribo indígena isolada, a parceria entre os indígenas e a equipe multidisciplinar garantiu a adesão ao tratamento. O sistema público de saúde deve garantir medicamentos modernos anticrise, principalmente para essa população vulnerável, que não tem outra fonte de tratamento.

Neurological symptoms and comorbidity profile of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: The neurological manifestations in COVID-19 adversely impact acute illness and post-disease quality of life. Limited data exist regarding the association of neurological symptoms and comorbid individuals. OBJECTIVE: To assess neurological symptoms in hospitalized patients with acute COVID-19 and multicomorbidities. METHODS: Between June 2020 and July 2020, inpatients aged 18 or older, with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, admitted to the Hospital São Paulo (Federal University of São Paulo), a tertiary referral center for high complexity cases, were questioned about neurological symptoms. The Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31 (COMPASS-31) questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed as a whole and whether subjective olfactory dysfunction was present or not. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 55 ± 15.12 years, and 58 patients were male. The neurological symptoms were mostly xerostomia (71%), ageusia/hypogeusia (50%), orthostatic intolerance (49%), anosmia/hyposmia (44%), myalgia (31%), dizziness (24%), xerophthalmia (20%), impaired consciousness (18%), and headache (16%). Furthermore, 91% of the patients had a premorbidity. The 44 patients with subjective olfactory dysfunction were more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, weakness, shortness of breath, ageusia/hypogeusia, dizziness, orthostatic intolerance, and xerophthalmia. The COMPASS-31 score was higher than that of previously published controls (14.85 ± 12.06 vs. 8.9 ± 8.7). The frequency of orthostatic intolerance was 49% in sample and 63.6% in those with subjective olfactory dysfunction (2.9-fold higher risk compared to those without). CONCLUSION: A total of 80% of inpatients with multimorbidity and acute COVID-19 had neurological symptoms. Chemical sense and autonomic symptoms stood out. Orthostatic intolerance occurred in around two-thirds of the patients with anosmia/hyposmia. Hypertension and diabetes were common, mainly in those with anosmia/hyposmia.

ANTECEDENTES: As manifestações neurológicas na COVID-19 impactam adversamente na enfermidade aguda e na qualidade de vida após a doença. Dados limitados existem em relação a associação de sintomas neurológicos e indivíduos com comorbidades. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os sintomas neurológicos em pacientes de hospitalizados com COVID-19 aguda e múltiplas comorbidades. MéTODOS: Entre junho e julho de 2020, pacientes de hospitais com idade 18 anos ou acima e COVID-19 laboratorialmente confirmada, admitidos no Hospital São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo), um centro de referência terciário para casos de alta complexidade, foram perguntados sobre sintomas neurológicos. O questionário Pontuação composta de sintoma autonômico (COMPASS-31) foi usado. Os dados foram analisados no geral e se a disfunção olfatória subjetiva estava presente ou não. RESULTADOS: A média de idade da amostra foi 55 ± 15.12 anos. 58 pacientes eram homens. Os sintomas neurológicos foram principalmente xerostomia (71%), ageusia/hipogeusia (50%), intolerância ortostática (49%), anosmia/hiposmia (44%), mialgia (31%), tontura (24%), xeroftalmia (20%), comprometimento na consciência (18%) e cefaleia (16%). Além disso, 91% dos pacientes tinham uma pré-morbidade. Os 44 pacientes com disfunção olfatória tinham maior chance de ter hipertensão, diabetes, fraqueza, falta de ar, ageusia/hipogeusia, tontura, intolerância ortostática e xeroftalmia. A pontuação do COMPASS-31 foi maior do que a de controles previamente publicados (14,85 ± 12,06 vs. 8,9 ± 8,7). A frequência de intolerância ortostática foi 49% na amostra e 63,6% naqueles com disfunção olfatória subjetiva (risco 2.9 vezes maior comparado com os sem). CONCLUSãO: Um total de 80% dos pacientes hospitalizados com múltiplas morbidades e COVID-19 aguda tinham sintomas neurológicos. Os sintomas do sentido químico e autonômicos se destacaram. A intolerância ortostática ocorreu em cerca de dois terços dos pacientes com anosmia/hiposmia. A hipertensão e o diabetes foram comuns, principalmente naqueles com anosmia/hiposmia.

Neurological symptoms and comorbidity profile of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 / Sintomas neurológicos e perfil de comorbidades de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19

Abstract Background The neurological manifestations in COVID-19 adversely impact acute illness and post-disease quality of life. Limited data exist regarding the association of neurological symptoms and comorbid individuals. Objective To assess neurological symptoms in hospitalized patients with acute COVID-19 and multicomorbidities. Methods Between June 2020 and July 2020, inpatients aged 18 or older, with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, admitted to the Hospital São Paulo (Federal University of São Paulo), a tertiary referral center for high complexity cases, were questioned about neurological symptoms. The Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31 (COMPASS-31) questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed as a whole and whether subjective olfactory dysfunction was present or not. Results The mean age of the sample was 55 ± 15.12 years, and 58 patients were male. The neurological symptoms were mostly xerostomia (71%), ageusia/hypogeusia (50%), orthostatic intolerance (49%), anosmia/hyposmia (44%), myalgia (31%), dizziness (24%), xerophthalmia (20%), impaired consciousness (18%), and headache (16%). Furthermore, 91% of the patients had a premorbidity. The 44 patients with subjective olfactory dysfunction were more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, weakness, shortness of breath, ageusia/hypogeusia, dizziness, orthostatic intolerance, and xerophthalmia. The COMPASS-31 score was higher than that of previously published controls (14.85 ± 12.06 vs. 8.9 ± 8.7). The frequency of orthostatic intolerance was 49% in sample and 63.6% in those with subjective olfactory dysfunction (2.9-fold higher risk compared to those without). Conclusion A total of 80% of inpatients with multimorbidity and acute COVID-19 had neurological symptoms. Chemical sense and autonomic symptoms stood out. Orthostatic intolerance occurred in around two-thirds of the patients with anosmia/hyposmia. Hypertension and diabetes were common, mainly in those with anosmia/hyposmia.

Resumo Antecedentes As manifestações neurológicas na COVID-19 impactam adversamente na enfermidade aguda e na qualidade de vida após a doença. Dados limitados existem em relação a associação de sintomas neurológicos e indivíduos com comorbidades. Objetivo Avaliar os sintomas neurológicos em pacientes de hospitalizados com COVID-19 aguda e múltiplas comorbidades. Métodos Entre junho e julho de 2020, pacientes de hospitais com idade 18 anos ou acima e COVID-19 laboratorialmente confirmada, admitidos no Hospital São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo), um centro de referência terciário para casos de alta complexidade, foram perguntados sobre sintomas neurológicos. O questionário Pontuação composta de sintoma autonômico (COMPASS-31) foi usado. Os dados foram analisados no geral e se a disfunção olfatória subjetiva estava presente ou não. Resultados A média de idade da amostra foi 55 ± 15.12 anos. 58 pacientes eram homens. Os sintomas neurológicos foram principalmente xerostomia (71%), ageusia/hipogeusia (50%), intolerância ortostática (49%), anosmia/hiposmia (44%), mialgia (31%), tontura (24%), xeroftalmia (20%), comprometimento na consciência (18%) e cefaleia (16%). Além disso, 91 % dos pacientes tinham uma pré-morbidade. Os 44 pacientes com disfunção olfatória tinham maior chance de ter hipertensão, diabetes, fraqueza, falta de ar, ageusia/hipogeusia, tontura, intolerância ortostática e xeroftalmia. A pontuação do COMPASS-31 foi maior do que a de controles previamente publicados (14,85 ± 12,06 vs. 8,9 ± 8,7). A frequência de intolerância ortostática foi 49% na amostra e 63,6% naqueles com disfunção olfatória subjetiva (risco 2.9 vezes maior comparado com os sem). Conclusão Um total de 80% dos pacientes hospitalizados com múltiplas morbidades e COVID-19 aguda tinham sintomas neurológicos. Os sintomas do sentido químico e autonômicos se destacaram. A intolerância ortostática ocorreu em cerca de dois terços dos pacientes com anosmia/hiposmia. A hipertensão e o diabetes foram comuns, principalmente naqueles com anosmia/hiposmia.

Late-Onset Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome with Chromosome 15q Duplication in Sisters.

Our study reports two nontwin sisters with late-onset Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and chromosome 15q duplication, showing the evolution, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of these patients, with the aim of increasing knowledge about this extremely rare association. They had a variety of generalized seizures types, intellectual disability, electroencephalogram with generalized epileptiform discharges less than 3 Hz, dysmorphisms, and genetic studies with the presence of duplicated chromosome 15. Cases reported here may be related to chromosomal changes inherited from their asymptomatic mother.

Health-related quality of life in patients with narcolepsy types 1 and 2 from a Sleep Center in Brazil / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em pacientes com narcolepsia tipos 1 e 2 de um Centro de Sono no Brasil

ABSTRACT Introduction: Narcolepsy patients have higher prevalence of comorbidities, such as obesity, depression, and pain. Narcolepsy symptoms and concomitant medical conditions can impact the daily activities of patients. The objective of this study is to describe the quality of life in a sample of patients with narcolepsy, and the influence of the nutritional status in health domains. Methods: At Unifesp, two groups of 33 patients (narcolepsy types 1 and 2 meeting 2014 criteria, concerning hypocretin-1) and 33 controls without sleepiness, matched by age and sex, filled out the SF-36. Results: Narcolepsy groups, regardless of their nutritional status, had significantly lower scores in all domains, compared to controls, mainly in Role-physical, Role-emotional, and Energy/Fatigue. Role-physical score was lower in type 1 than in type 2 and controls (37.8±1.0 vs. 50.0±1.2 vs. 85.6±1.6; p<0.0001). Obese with type 2 narcolepsy scored lower than type 1 in physical scales. Conclusion: In a Sleep Center in São Paulo, Brazil, physical and mental health were impaired in narcolepsy types 1 and 2. The first report of the poor health status in Brazilians with narcolepsy type 2 suggests that obesity negatively affects physical domains.

RESUMO Introdução: Pacientes com narcolepsia têm maior prevalência de comorbidades, como obesidade, depressão e dor. Sintomas de narcolepsia e condições médicas concomitantes podem afetar as atividades diárias dos pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo é escrever a qualidade de vida em uma amostra de pacientes com narcolepsia e a influência do estado nutricional nos domínios de saúde. Métodos: Na Unifesp, dois grupos de 33 pacientes (narcolepsia tipos 1 e 2 compatível com os critérios de 2014, em relação a hipocretina-1) e 33 controles sem sonolência, pareados por idade e sexo, preencheram o SF-36. Resultados: Os grupos de narcolepsia, independentemente do estado nutricional, apresentaram pontuações significantemente menores em todos os domínios, comparados aos controles, principalmente nos quesitos físico, emocional e energia/fadiga. A pontuação do critério físico foi menor no tipo 1 do que no tipo 2 e nos controles (37,8±1,0 vs. 50,0±1,2 vs. 85,6±1,6; p<0,0001). Obesos com tipo 2 tiveram pontuação menor do que os com tipo 1 nas escalas físicas. Conclusão: Em um Centro de Sono de São Paulo, Brasil, as saúdes física e mental estavam comprometidas na narcolepsia tipos 1 e 2. O primeiro relato de estado de saúde ruim em brasileiros com narcolepsia tipo 2 sugere que a obesidade afeta negativamente os domínios físicos.

Health-related quality of life in patients with narcolepsy types 1 and 2 from a Sleep Center in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Narcolepsy patients have higher prevalence of comorbidities, such as obesity, depression, and pain. Narcolepsy symptoms and concomitant medical conditions can impact the daily activities of patients. The objective of this study is to describe the quality of life in a sample of patients with narcolepsy, and the influence of the nutritional status in health domains. METHODS: At Unifesp, two groups of 33 patients (narcolepsy types 1 and 2 meeting 2014 criteria, concerning hypocretin-1) and 33 controls without sleepiness, matched by age and sex, filled out the SF-36. RESULTS: Narcolepsy groups, regardless of their nutritional status, had significantly lower scores in all domains, compared to controls, mainly in Role-physical, Role-emotional, and Energy/Fatigue. Role-physical score was lower in type 1 than in type 2 and controls (37.8±1.0 vs. 50.0±1.2 vs. 85.6±1.6; p<0.0001). Obese with type 2 narcolepsy scored lower than type 1 in physical scales. CONCLUSION: In a Sleep Center in São Paulo, Brazil, physical and mental health were impaired in narcolepsy types 1 and 2. The first report of the poor health status in Brazilians with narcolepsy type 2 suggests that obesity negatively affects physical domains.

The sensory pain of Dante's Inferno - Semantics of chronic pain in patients with narcolepsy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the semantics of chronic pain in narcolepsy and to compare with the poem Inferno, from Dante Alighieri. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, in which type 1 (n=33) and type 2 (n=33) patients (hypocretin-1 quantification in cerebrospinal fluid), were studied at Departamento de Psicobiologia - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Brazil). We assessed pain descriptors in the Present Rating Index (PRI) from McGill Pain Questionnaire. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in PRI between narcolepsy groups. In both groups, the most frequent words had a sensory dimension: throbbing, jumping, and tugging. Multiple correspondence analysis revealed the predominance of sensory descriptors and the deficiency of affective descriptors in these groups. DISCUSSION: A study that interpreted the poem Inferno, from Dante Alighieri, as McGill Pain Questionnaires descriptors suggested a contribution of the sensory dimension in pain of possibly narcolepsy patients, similar as in our results.

Human hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy - aberrant food choice due to impaired taste?

Authors demonstrate that patients with narcolepsy type 1 (N1) have more tendency of eat salty snacks after satiety than health volunteers. A few mechanisms to explain the weight gain have been discussed in narcolepsy. The hypocretin-1 deficiency can influence the olfactory system. The olfactory system should be modulated through hypocretin-1 via connections from the hypothalamic to other brain regions. Likewise, hypocretin-1 can be synthesized locally in our olfactory mucosa with possible private role modulating the olfactory. In experimental studies, different kinds of smell influence the preference for type of diet. Olfactory and taste sensations help control of appetite and regulate the quantity and quality of foods that will be chosen. N1 patients have lower levels of hypocretin-1 and consequent inferior olfactory threshold, less olfactory discrimination, and these findings improved after nasal hypocretin-1 administration. It is possible that the hyposmia influenced the quality and quantity of food by narcoleptic patients. We suggest that a complementary analysis of olfactory function should be done concomitant with food preferences to compare narcoleptic patients with and without hypocretin-1 deficiency.

Pain-induced depression is related to overestimation of sleep quality in a very elderly population with pain.

OBJECTIVE:: To study the quality of sleep in very elderly people with chronic pain. METHODS:: We investigated 51 very elderly people without dementia and with chronic pain according to the Geriatric Pain Measure. Katz and Lawton questionnaires were used to evaluate functionality. The Geriatric Depression Scale and Geriatric Psychosocial Assessment of Pain-induced Depression were also used. Self-perceptions of sleep and quality of sleep were checked using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS:: Moderate pain was seen in 64.7% participants. The tracking of depression was positive for 41.2%. Poor quality of sleep was noted in 49% of them, but 82.3% perceived that they had a very good, or a good, sleep. The main factors associated with poor sleep quality were measurement of pain, self-perception of sleep, and pain-induced depression. CONCLUSION:: Very elderly people with chronic pain, and without dementia, had a higher prevalence of poor sleep; however, they overestimated their sleep quality. Poor quality of sleep was associated with a poor self-perception of sleep and pain-induced depression.

Pain-induced depression is related to overestimation of sleep quality in a very elderly population with pain / Depressão-dor induzida está relacionada à superestimação da qualidade do sono em longevos com dor

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the quality of sleep in very elderly people with chronic pain. Methods: We investigated 51 very elderly people without dementia and with chronic pain according to the Geriatric Pain Measure. Katz and Lawton questionnaires were used to evaluate functionality. The Geriatric Depression Scale and Geriatric Psychosocial Assessment of Pain-induced Depression were also used. Self-perceptions of sleep and quality of sleep were checked using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: Moderate pain was seen in 64.7% participants. The tracking of depression was positive for 41.2%. Poor quality of sleep was noted in 49% of them, but 82.3% perceived that they had a very good, or a good, sleep. The main factors associated with poor sleep quality were measurement of pain, self-perception of sleep, and pain-induced depression. Conclusion: Very elderly people with chronic pain, and without dementia, had a higher prevalence of poor sleep; however, they overestimated their sleep quality. Poor quality of sleep was associated with a poor self-perception of sleep and pain-induced depression.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estudar a qualidade do sono em longevos com dor crônica. Métodos: Foram investigados 51 longevos sem demência e com dor crônica de acordo com o Geriatric Pain Measure. Os questionários de Katz e Lawton foram utilizados para avaliar a funcionalidade. Para o rastreio de depressão foram usados o Geriatric Depression Scale e Geriatric Psychosocial Assessment of Pain-induced Depression. Auto-percepção e qualidade do sono, de acordo com o Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, também foram verificados. Resultados: Dor moderada foi observada em 64,7% dos participantes. O rastreamento de depressão foi positivo para 41,2% da amostra. Má qualidade do sono foi observada em 49% deles, entretanto 82,3% dos participantes tiveram uma muito boa ou boa auto-percepção do sono. Os principais fatores associados à má qualidade do sono foram mensuração da dor, auto-percepção ruim do sono e depressão induzida por dor. Conclusão: Os longevos com dor crônica e sem demência apresentam maior prevalência de sono de má qualidade, entretanto com superestimação desta. A má qualidade do sono foi associada com auto-percepção do sono ruim e depressão induzida por dor.